Which legislation primarily governs workplace safety in the United States?

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is the key legislation that governs workplace safety in the United States. Enacted in 1970, OSHA was designed to ensure that employers provide a workplace free from recognized hazards that could cause death or serious physical harm to employees. The Act empowers the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to set and enforce safety standards, conduct inspections, and levy fines against employers who fail to comply with the regulations set forth.

This legislation is foundational for maintaining occupational health and safety standards across various industries. The rules established under OSHA cover a wide range of safety topics including the use of personal protective equipment, exposure limits to hazardous substances, and requirements for reporting workplace injuries and illnesses. Employers have a legal obligation to adhere to these standards, which significantly contribute to reducing workplace injuries and improving overall employee safety.

The other options, while important in their respective areas—such as labor standards, workers' compensation, and disability rights—do not focus specifically on workplace safety and the prevention of hazards in the same way that OSHA does. Thus, OSHA stands out as the critical framework for regulating workplace conditions.